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I. Classification of Common Causes of Municipal Pipe Blockages

Sediment Accumulation

Sludge and Gravel ：Flows into pipes with rainwater, especially in areas around construction sites or with exposed ground, where sediment accumulation can reach 30%~50% of the pipe diameter.

Debris Blockage ：Leaves, plastic bags, and construction waste (such as stones and cement blocks) swept into manholes, causing physical blockages.

Chronic Scaling ：Long-term accumulation of mineral salts (such as calcium carbonate), forming cement-like concretions, severely narrowing the pipe diameter by more than 50% in serious cases.

Oil and Biofilm Adhesion

Oil discharged from restaurants condenses on the pipe walls, combining with cellulosic debris (paper towels, food scraps) to form "Fatbergs," reducing flow capacity by up to 70%.

Microbial reproduction forms biofilms, accelerating the adhesion of impurities, common in combined sewer systems.

Tree Root Intrusion and Foreign Object Dropping

Cracks in the joints of old pipes attract tree roots to penetrate, leading to textile entanglement and structural damage.

Sanitation work or construction errors cause tools, stones, and other foreign objects to get stuck in bends.

Structural Defects

Pipe Necking ：Incorrect connection of different pipe diameters (e.g., DN1200 main pipe connected to DN500 branch pipe), resulting in a 50% decrease in flow capacity.

Ground Settlement ：Causes pipe misalignment and joint separation, forming sediment accumulation areas.

Comprehensive Blockage
Snowmelt carrying mud and sand into pipes in cold regions, combined with oil solidification; or mountain floods carrying branches and stones rushing in during the rainy season, resulting in overload operation.

II. Principle of Plunger Pump

1.? Hydrodynamic Impact Destruction (Main Effect)

Impact Pressure ：High-pressure water flow is fast, generating high pressure when impacting the pipe wall, directly fracturing hard blockages (such as cement blocks and tree roots).

Water Hammer Effect ：When the water flow is suddenly obstructed, kinetic energy is converted into pressure waves, repeatedly impacting micro-cracks inside the sediment, leading to structural disintegration (especially effective for mineral scaling).

2.? Cavitation Effect (Microscopic Destruction)

When high-pressure water flows through the nozzle, the pressure increases, and when it ruptures near the pipe wall, it releases impact force, crushing oil biofilms and fine particulate sediments.

3.? Shear Separation (Surface Cleaning)

High-speed water flow forms ? Laminar boundary layer ，迟丑谤辞耻驳丑 ? Viscous shear force ? ，separating attachments (such as oil and sludge), with a cleaning rate >95%.

Flow Rate Effect ：Large flow rate forms ? Flushing inertia ，carrying away detached impurities.

III. Irreplaceability of Plunger Pumps

1.? Continuous High-Pressure Output Capability

Advantages of Plunger Structure ：Multiple plungers alternate work (commonly 3~5 plungers), pressure fluctuation < ±2%, avoiding pressure drops that cause cleaning interruptions.

Comparison with Centrifugal Pumps ：Centrifugal pumps have a limit pressure of only 20 MPa, unable to meet the needs of hard object crushing.

2.? Precise Pressure Control

The intelligent system monitors load changes in real-time and automatically adjusts pressure (such as instantaneous pressure increase during root cutting and pressure reduction in straight pipe sections).

3.? Wear Resistance and Reliability

Hard alloy plungers, resistant to water flow wear.

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